RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

Energy efficiency what is it?

The definition includes a number of energy efficiency actions of programming, planning and implementation of operational tools and strategies that will consume less energy for the same services.
Lefficienza refers to the energy system as a whole and should be as intense as exited again the ability to provide a service (eg lilluminazione) through Our use of the least amount of primary energy as possible.

What is it saving energy?

The definition includes a number of energy saving actions planning and scheduling that reduce the economic cost of energy bills (eg, choice of energy supply contract in accordance with their needs).

What is the difference between saving and energy efficiency?

Energy saving and energy efficiency are used interchangeably but there is a profound difference between the two terms.

Making efficiency means energy savings, but is not necessarily true. As indicated by the EU in its Green Paper, to make efficiency savings, but not the same as you do more with less.

(Eg in order to save space heating could lower the temperature of the radiators, with a corresponding decrease in living conditions. Instead of improving the insulation of walls and windows is achieved a reduction of energy expenditure, the same being received).

What are the main actions to achieve energy efficiency?

Residential customers
Beauty consulting the consumption of a home can highlight the major areas to bring about a state of efficiency in the areas of heating and cooling environments, as well as in the production of sanitary hot water.
In the first case linstallazione a condensing boiler system or a geothermal heat pump (or air in the hottest areas dellitalia) leads to savings of up to 30% on costs for consumers.
limpiego In the second case of modern electric water heater heat pump saves in the bill up to 70% compared to a conventional water heater.

Industrial customers
Beauty consulting in energy demand by the industrial customer sees more allutilizzo related consumption of electric motors in production processes. Our use of high efficiency motors is the first area dintervento to promote energy efficiency measures.
The second area concerns lefficienza lighting systems in industrial sites.

What is an Energy Audit?

Audit energy consists in the study and measurement of the energy needs at a particular site. Beauty consulting allows you to identify areas where energy waste is greater, and at the same time, those in which concrete is possible room for improvement.

The main goal is to identify a series of actions through which reduce energy consumption and consequently reduce the costs related spending allenergia.

It can identify two types of Energy Audit:

1. Preliminary audit (or Energy Analysis)
2. Audit Detail

What is an Energy Analysis?

An energy analysis (or energy audit prior) is an analysis that aims to:

determine the energy consumption in the site / organization,
to estimate the scale of the savings achievable;
identify the most promising areas (with more room for improvement);
identify immediate cost savings and improvements (in particular interventions at no cost or low cost fall below dellinvestimento two years).

What is of an Audit Detail?

A detailed energy audit provides a more accurate estimate of costs and savings achieved by evaluating possible interactions between the energy systems of the environment analyzed.

Audit detail consists of three phases:

a) Pre-audit
b) Audit
c) Post-audit

a) Pre-audit
is to audit the pre-preliminary survey nellambiente reference, in order to plan and schedule the next audit procedures (eg, analysis of processes and activities, mapping the areas on which to focus the activities of analysis , evaluation of measuring instruments, etc.).

b) Audit
and the analytical phase itself. The reports coming out of this phase include:

description of the process of consumption dellenergia site reference
a list of measures taken to improve levels of efficiency, associated with unanalisi both technical and economic feasibility
of energy efficiency interventions most common are:

replacements of a given fuel with a more efficient,
work on ways of generating and converting dellenergia (eg: use of compressed air produced in excess, re-use of steam, etc.);
interventions on the distribution network (eg application of transformers, cables with lower dispersion, ignition devices, and automatic shutdown, etc.).
c) Post-Audit
The final phase of the study is detailed in a series of actions such as:

Checking the timing and modalities of these operations;
dellefficacia monitoring of interventions;
planning any corrective actions;
Implementation of the actions identified.

What is a white certificates (TEE)?

White certificates, or Energy Efficiency Certificates (TEE), represent an incentive to act to reduce energy consumption by final signify that you agree.

Established in Italy with the Ministerial Decrees July 20, 2004 electricity and gas, and entered into force in January 2005, the white certificates consist of securities acquired by allattuazione of energy saving measures (eg replacement of older appliances and boilers in favor of more efficient appliances).

The Authority for Electricity and Gas (AEEG) is the entity that:

authorizes the issuance of white certificates.
manages the economic evaluation of TEE.
deals with the monitoring of the actual energy savings achieved.
White certificates relate to four types of intervention:

TYPE 1: saving electricity,
TYPE 2: Natural gas savings;
TYPE 3: savings of other fuels;
TYPE 4: savings of other fuels for transportation.
Compliance with the limits of energy efficiency is rewarded by the Authority and other government sources of funding with money, whose value is established annually by the Authority. Also you can earn by selling the shares in excess due to the achievement of annual savings greater than the preset.

For most of the work the concession period is 5 years, while for the action of thermal insulation of buildings, bioclimatic architecture and other similar operations on the concession period is 8 years.

What is energy certification?

Energy certification of a structure is a document that indicates the energy needs of the building. It contains assessments that identify actions to be taken to achieve an optimization of energy performance in terms of costs / benefits.

The assessment follows two classifications delledificio energy:

Class of insulation
Plant's quality.
With the help of a table divided into colored boxes, from green (low energy) to red (high demand), it is possible to assess whether a building or consumes much less energy.

What is an energy certificate?

The energy certificate is a document prepared by professionals qualified and licensed, which assesses the need for lens power needed in a year for space heating, domestic hot water production and cooling in summer.

The certification is the goal of improving the transparency of the real estate market by providing buyers and tenants information on the energy characteristics of buildings and to encourage property owners to implement measures to improve energy dellefficienza your home.

What's in a document the energy performance certificate?

The document must:

Building's energy data,
the reference values ​​of the law,
the suggestions about the most significant energy and cost to increase efficency;
the technical report of investigations and inspections

What is DSM (Demand Side Management)?

The term Demand Side Management (energy and demand management) refers to the series of actions that affect the amount or mode of use of the energy consumed by end users.
A example is found in the DSM activities aimed at reducing the so-called peak demand.In periods when the energy supply systems are limited, by means of DSM allows you to manage energy demand by users through our use of technologies and tools for rational planning of production and distribution of energy.
The management of peak demand (peak demand management) The energy does not reduce total energy consumed by users in a day but distributes nellarco of the day, maximizing time / cost of production and distribution (eg division into time slots, recovery of energy loss, etc.).

What is Energy Intensity?

The energy intensity is a measure that assesses lefficienza hesitate to ask related to the energy economy of a nation. It is measured as units of energy per unit of gross domestic product (GDP).
Many factors influence the overall energy intensity of the economy of a nation. The most common are:

The demand for a better standard of living;
laumento and consumption of goods and services,
the average environmental temperature conditions.
A country with an advanced standard of living will have a higher prevalence of consumer goods and therefore present a greater intensity of energy ( cost and higher power consumption) than those with low standards of living. A country exposed to cold or, conversely, will have a very high energy expenditure related to the amount of energy consumed for heating or chilled.

What is it cogeneration?

The term CHP indicates the simultaneous production and consumption of different forms of secondary energy (electricity, mechanical energy, thermal energy) from a single source (both fossil and renewable) implemented in a single integrated system.
Cogeneration is a technology that increases the overall energy efficiency through a system of energy conversion.
The cogeneration power plants is carried out in particular, where it retrieves the hot water, steam and / or smoke produced by a motor first fueled by fossil fuel (natural gas, fuel oil, etc.). The result is a significant energy savings compared to separate production of electricity (through the power plant) and thermal energy (thermal power plant through traditional).

What is trigeneration?

The tri-generation is a particular field of cogeneration systems, in addition to producing electricity, you can use The energy recovered by thermal processing also produce cooling energy, or chilled water for air conditioning or used for industrial processes.
The transformation dellenergia thermal cooling energy is made ​​possible by allimpiego the absorption refrigeration cycle whose operation is based on changes of state of the refrigerant in combination with the substance used as an absorbent. The main pairs of refrigerant / absorbent are:

water / lithium bromide
ammonia / water

What is micro-CHP?

Cogeneration with less than 1 MW electrical power is defined as small-scale cogeneration. The one with less than 50 KW is called micro-cogeneration and is performed by reciprocating engines (internal combustion, micro gas turbines or Stirling cycle engine).
The main difference between the small scale and micro-cogeneration is that in small cogeneration thermal energy is a secondary product, while the micro-cogeneration is directed primarily to the production of heat and secondarily to produce electricity.